Finance has yet to be approved, for example: the property being purchased is . Schedules you have selected contains over 23 March 2022 First published. Case in focus: Billson v Residential Apartments Ltd [1992] 1 A.C. 494. appertain to the land or any part of it or are claimed to do so; or. Section 170 has been repealed by Mental Health Act 1959 (c. 72) Sch. Responsible Minister. Section 62 of the Law of Property Act 1925 is a Section which has protected many conveyancing draftsmans blushes or his/her typists hands in otherwise detailed typing. On a plain reading of Section 62 (2), extracted in paragraph 18 of the writ petition which I need not reproduce it again, it is not in doubt that whenever an assessee fails to file a return an assessing officer is required to send the assessment order in terms of provisions section 62 (1) of the Act but, there is a caveat in terms of provision under section 62 (2) where on receipt of such . The Victorian Government acknowledges Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as the Traditional Custodians of the land and acknowledges and pays respect to their Elders, past and present. Consequently they were found to have rights of way over their neighbour's land. TPA, Right of usufructuary mortgagor to recover possession. Where one person grants to another, or to a definite number of other persons, a right to do, or continue to do, in or upon the immovable property of the grantor, something which would, in the absence of such right, be unlawful, and such right does not amount to an easement or an interest in the property, the right is called a license. (04 September 2006 - 30 April 2020, Authorised), (24 November 2003 - 03 September 2006, Authorised). ['conveyance' includes 'lease'; 'parol' means 'orally']: 52. If youre new to the channel my name is Gareth Evans I am the owner of Digestible Notes, a website created to make learning fun and easy to understand. Section 2 LPMPA sets out that a contract for the sale, or other disposition, of land must: be in writing; incorporate all the terms agreed between the parties (this can be achieved through incorporation by reference to other documents); and. Local Section 172 (1) provides that: "Save as provided in this section, every alienation of property made, whether before or after the commencement of . One instance where this applies in land law (rather than purely equitable) context is where the requirement for documents to be proved in writing is abrogated in order to prevent the commission of a fraud by the trustee. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. SECTION 62 OF THE LAW OF PROPERTY ACT 1925. Specifies the tenants particular breach of which complaint is made by the landlord; Require that the tenant remedy the breach if the breach is capable of remedy, and. 2 Pt. successfully claimed by adverse possession under section 62 of the . Creating your profile on CaseMine allows you to build your network with fellow lawyers and prospective clients. The mortgagee proposed instead to let the property on short-term leases until such time as the housing market improved. endobj A defaulting mortgagor (borrower) can accelerate the sale of the mortgaged property by invoking the courts discretion under s.91(2) to order sale at the request of either the mortgagor or the mortgagee, notwithstanding that any other person dissents. In other words, a mortgagor can set a date for sale that is earlier than the mortgagee would have intended. The full list of requirements are found in the syllabus revision guide entitled Unregistered Land. For our purposes here, the LPA applies in several ways for the conditions that a party must fulfil in order to benefit from the bona fide purchaser rule that was referred to in Pilcher v Rawlins (1871-72) L.R. In particular, the Claimants ran a livery stable from their property, and they wanted the benefits of the rights of way so that riders could reach a nearby bridleway. There is no right of survivorship. He sold the second part to the Defendant. /Subtype /Image Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Local Government: Gazette 23.8.2018 p3176. 62 Stipulations not of the essence of the contract. Section 66. As with this case, even where the deed did not expressly grant the rights of way, they could still arise under other circumstances. Exclusion of S.62 L.P.A. Geographical Extent: In relation to the second right of way, this again was continuous and apparent, and there was sufficient evidence of vehicular use to demonstrate that it had been enjoyed along with the remainder of the track. Things which are of relevance may include the demeanour of the tenant, particularly where they have been evasive and/or aggressive about the breach (Akici v LR Butlin Ltd [2006] 1 W.L.R. Alternatively, easements can be created implicitly, for example when an owner sells part of his property. (3)A conveyance of a manor shall be deemed to include and shall by virtue of this Act operate to convey, with the manor, all pastures, feedings, wastes, warrens, commons, mines, minerals, quarries, furzes, trees, woods, underwoods, coppices, and the ground and soil thereof, fishings, fisheries, fowlings, courts leet, courts baron, and other courts, view of frankpledge and all that to view of frankpledge doth belong, mills, mulctures, customs, tolls, duties, reliefs, heriots, fines, sums of money, amerciaments, waifs, estrays, chief-rents, quitrents, rentscharge, rents seck, rents of assize, fee farm rents, services, royalties jurisdictions, franchises, liberties, privileges, easements, profits, advantages, rights, emoluments, and hereditaments whatsoever, to the manor appertaining or reputed to appertain, or, at the time of conveyance, demised, occupied, or enjoyed with the same, or reputed or known as part, parcel, or member thereof. There are several ways in which an easement can be created. The operation of section 62 of the Law of Property Act 1925 is excluded from this Lease and the only rights granted to the Tenant are those expressly set out in this Lease and the Tenant is not by virtue of this Lease deemed to have acquired or be entitled by any means whatsoever (other than . Generally, the approach is that negative covenants, if breached, are nevertheless capable of remedy (and if so remedied would preclude forfeiture) if the harm inflicted on the landlord can be effectively removed by due compliance in tandem with the provision of compensation by the tenant (Bass Holdings Ltd v Morton Music Ltd [1988] Ch. They could have found themselves in a much more difficult position had the Court of Appeal upheld the original decision and denied them the ability to use the rights of way. When these problems occur, the matter may go to court. Barrister of the Middle Temple It can be traced back to Section 6 of an Act in 1881 and the following is my take on its operation. When you cite s.53(1)(b) here, you show your awareness of this requirement in land law. enjoyed with the land at the time of the conveyance. So, it is rather important for a Seller to be sure what rights are intended to be granted and what rights expressly reserved. Apart from the sale and transfer of property, the course . However, since property line laws differ by state, the outcome of the dispute often depends on the location of . He disputed that the Claimants had any rights. Planning: Gazette 30.6.2022 p1986, Attorney-General: Gazette 10.9.2020 p4560, Minister for Infrastructure and The requirements of such a notice are that it (per s.146 (1) (a)- (c)): Specifies the tenant's particular breach of which complaint is made by the landlord; Require that the tenant remedy the breach 'if the breach is capable of remedy', and. The Section 32 statement is an important part of any real estate transaction. Section 62 of the Law of Property Act 1925 is a Section which has protected many conveyancing draftsman's blushes or his/her typist's hands in otherwise detailed typing. This legislation requires a seller to provide specific information to a buyer about the property in question . The second is a charge by way of demise or subdemise. Where a breach is capable of remedy, the tenant must remedy their breach within a reasonable time after the service of the notice. In other words, the section may require that a reference to the agreement is satisfactory, even if the agreement was oral, provided at least that the reference to the agreement is in writing. The Court of Appeal has found that the Claimants in this case, Mr and Mrs Wood, were entitled to claim two rights of way across parts of their neighbour's land. /CA 1.0 You will recall that in contrast an item that is defined as a chattel is in a sense defined by its non-status as a fixture: it is not attached to the land, and it was not intended to be attached to the land. The area of law in question is that of easements. Historically, there was another basis for distinguishing between Wheeldon`s involvement and section 62 involvement: the defendant, who operated a partridge and a well-known pheasant alley from his property, was concerned about the impact of rights of way on his business. 259. Does an exclusion of section 62 of the Law of Property Act 1925 apply to an existing registered easement? The programme was intended to modernise the English law of real property. It is recommended that as you go through this guide you make frequent reference to your statute exam book. Section 62 Safeguard or Curse. 'Conveyance' is defined in LPA 1925, s 205 as including a. 1 page) Ask a question Section 62, Law of Property Act 1925 Toggle Table of Contents Table of Contents. The Court found that the usual meaning of "continuous" under this clause was "uninterrupted or unbroken". For further information see Frequently Asked Questions. My favourite case though is the hotel by the river and the small island sometimes used for parties or weddings in Platt v. Crouch [2004] 1 PCR. The name is derived from Section 32 of Victoria's Sale of Land Act (1962). App. if they remedy the breach within a reasonable time yet the landlord nevertheless pushes for forfeiture). 493). Section 6 of the transfer of property act deals with the concept of what may be transferred. For the purposes of this subsection the right to compensation for manorial incidents on the extinguishment thereof shall be deemed to be a right appertaining to the manor. Prior to the enactment of the LPA 1925, under common law, an estate tail could not be carved out of chattels or personal property. Failing that, they argued that the rights were implied under statute. However, there are some exceptions. Van Haarlam v Kasner Charitable Trust (1992) 64 P. & C.R. Even if a purchaser of the land does not locate the notice in their search, they are still bound by it if the notice is valid. The result of this transfer is that the fixture becomes a part of the land, inextricably tied to it, and therefore cannot be removed from it. If the mortgaged estate is itself a leasehold, then any mortgage by long lease (again, 3,000 years), must take effect by subdemise. This means that the agreement must include a signature from the declarant of the trust, otherwise the trust will be unenforceable for want of compliance with the formalities. /Length 7 0 R Because of its drastic nature (compare for example a mortgagee exercising a power of sale and thereafter giving a portion of the proceeds of sale to the mortgagor), the remedy of foreclosure is only available on an application to the court (ss.88(2), 89(2)). Indicates the geographical area that this provision applies to. /Filter /DCTDecode If the mortgage pertains to an unregistered estate, the mortgage must be created by a deed (s.52(1)). The land had once been in common ownership and the issue arose after it was sold to the Claimants and the Defendant in separate parcels. 1.3K Posts. Restrictions are commonly entered in the register in order to make sure that over-reachable trust interests are in fact overreached. At first glance, the parties involved in this case - a wealthy landowner, a Liberal Democrat peer and an SAS hero - seem to have stepped out of the plot of a Jilly Cooper novel rather than a Court of Appeal decision. This section was introduced so that buyers and sellers of . This case applied principles which are substantially similar to those imposed in 1925 by section 62 of the Law of Property Act. /Type /ExtGState 4) If Section 62 operates it is an express right not an implied right at all even though the right was not expressly written out with words in the conveyance [Judgment paras 36 and 60]. considered, where there has been no diversity of occupation before the conveyance, all that is necessary is to show the exercise of the right claimed was "continuous and apparent" at the time of the conveyance, in the sense developed since Wheeldon v Burrows. The s.146 notice is intended, by its notice requirements, to instil notions of due process and proportionality upon the compulsory divesting of a substantial property asset. Where those effects have yet to be applied to the text of the legislation by the editorial team they are also listed alongside the legislation in the affected provisions. Clause 62(4) says that as well. In the case of Street v Mountford [1985] A.C. 809, Lord Templeman said the essential characteristics of a leasehold are that it must grant: Two less common types of leasehold are the so-called leases for life and leases until marriage, and these are statutorily converted into a 90-year term determinable on the death or marriage of the original lessee (s.149(6)). Subscribe to my personal channel for videos on how to study law effectively \u0026 efficiently: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwgN8QVt3yIqcoi04EVqEYA A conveyance of land shall be deemed to include and shall by virtue of this Act operate to convey, with the land, all buildings, erections, fixtures, commons, hedges, ditches, fences, ways, waters, water-courses, liberties, privileges, easements, rights, and advantages whatsoever, appertaining or reputed to appertain to the land, or any part thereof, or, at the time of conveyance, demised, occupied, or enjoyed with, or reputed or known as part or parcel of or appurtenant to the land or any part thereof.If you have any questions drop me a message below -------------------------------Hey! In particular, the plaintiffs operated a stable from their property and wanted to take advantage of the rights of way so that the riders could reach a nearby bridle path. The dates will coincide with the earliest date on which the change (e.g an insertion, a repeal or a substitution) that was applied came into force. The issue was whether the right was subject to a grant of an easement and it was. Section 63. 200 provisions and might take some time to download. That said, s.53(1)(b) is supported by the subsection which immediately follows it, in that a disposition of an equitable interest or trust subsisting at the time of the disposition must be in writingsigned by the person disposing of the same, or by his agent thereunto lawfully authorised in writing or by will (s.53(1)(c)). Normally require that the tenant make compensation in money for the breach. This means that a subsequent disponee (the person in receipt of the disposition of the land) takes title absolutely free of the beneficial trust interests. Note: For when personal property is located in a jurisdiction, see section 235. endobj Section 62 law of property act 1925 explained A property line is the border between two pieces of real estate. I. Alternatively, they argued that the rights were implied under Section 62 Law of Property Act 1925; and/or under the doctrine established by the leading case of. All rights reserved. A right of way across the middle of a piece of land could prevent development or restrict enjoyment of using it, and it is essential to be as fully informed as possible before committing to the transaction. As it stands, there is no doubt that the application of Article 62 can be excluded. If you are selling a parcel of land, we would recommend giving very careful consideration to the rights that you intend to reserve over that land. See how this legislation has or could change over time. Or, where the landlord elects to forfeit the lease, not by obtaining and executing an order for possession but instead by exercising his simple right of practicable re-entry upon the demised premises. It is possible to exclude the operation of section 62, however, in the conveyancing documentation. /AIS false An information permission had been granted to the then tenant that he could park a car in the forecourt which could take two or three cars. Where a tenant has breached any covenant other than the covenant to pay rent, the landlord must adhere to the special notice procedure laid down by LPAs s.146. The court retains a broad statutory discretion for the granting of relief against forfeiture for breaches of covenant other than non-payment of rent (s.146(2)). If the draftsman had wanted or thought better, he should have written so. The Whole Act without Schedules you have selected contains over 200 provisions and might take some time to download. In relation to the first right of way, there were sufficient signs on the ground to show that the claimed route was "continuous and apparent". They wanted to avoid a so-called charter for forcible entry, which would otherwise encourage L to keep away from court and to pounce on the property, in the evening or at the weekend, and change the locks and then sit back secure in the knowledge that forfeiture is complete (per Nicholls LJ). *You can also browse our support articles here >, Expert Clothing Service & Sales Ltd v Hillgate House Ltd, Scala House and District Property Co Ltd v Forbes, WG Clark (Properties) Ltd v Dupre Properties Ltd, The term of years absolute (on which more below), Estate contracts (including options), and. Registrar-General 6. Property lines are often a cause of dispute between neighbors. The essence of this maxim leads to a fundamental distinction, the difference between fixtures and fittings/chattels (as well as items which are part and . Instead, it will examine those sections which are most often cited in a Land Law syllabus. This definition is pertinent to the subject of bona fide purchasers, for example. The Whole The first is that it applies in a situation of any breach of covenants other than a breach of the covenant requirement to pay rent. As they are unique to this case, they provide little in the way of general guidelines, but it is worth noting that one of the clauses used the phrase "of a continuous nature" when referring to various rights. Tom Entwistle. long time to run. The Court of Appeal overturned the initial judgment and found in favour of the Claimants. 5) Practical Law . In the LPA, s.62 deals with fixtures in particular. Convictions under related statutes will provide the requisite evidence for the need to claim forfeiture. Discovering that a third party has rights over land can be very difficult for owners and developers who may be prevented from using it as they had planned. without However, any negative covenants which are once and for all, for example not to assign without consent, are irremediable, which leaves the tenant entirely dependent on the courts discretion to exercise relief from forfeiture (Scala House and District Property Co Ltd v Forbes [1974] Q.B. Can the liquidators validly grant the easements? S. 62 conveys with land all rights, advantages etc. To regulate credit industry participants in addition to credit . Introduction. Section 62A Planning Application: S62A/22/0000002 Former Friends' School, Mount Pleasant Rd, Saffron Walden CB11 3EB application added to the list of applications. C1S. TPA, Renewal of mortgaged lease. This is based on the principle that compliance with the rule may result in an act which is unconscionable and against equitable principles. This case relates to rights of way, but other common examples include rights of light, a right to park and a right to run utility services across the land. Next, the LPA applies to the crucial doctrine of notice in the context of the bona fide purchaser rule. (1) This Act applies to a security interest in goods or financial property if: (a) the location of the goods or property is in Australia; or. 6 Connection with Australia. . Without the presence of writing, as required by s.53(1)(b), a trust does not come into being merely from a gratuitous intention to transfer or create a beneficial interest (Austin v Keele (1987) NSWLR 283, PC per Lord Oliver of Aylmerton). 5) As such Section 62 can for the lazy or uncareful be the very trap the Law Commission identified. Example - you are a tenant - your landlord has a . (2A) Words and expressions used in this Act that are defined in the Land and Property Information NSW (Authorised Transaction) Act 2016 have the same meanings as in that Act, except in so far as they are defined differently in this . You The Owners Corporation's Duty to Maintain and Repair Common Property Section 62(1) of the Strata Schemes Management Act 1996 ("SSMA") states that an owners corporation must properly maintain and keep in a state of good and serviceable repair the common property and any personal property vested in the owners corporation. /Type /XObject The first date in the timeline will usually be the earliest date when the provision came into force. Governors of Rugby School v Tannahill [1935] 1 K.B. may also experience some issues with your browser, such as an alert box that a script is taking a The above is my take on what is a complex area of law where clearly the application of the law is case sensitive. /CreationDate (D:20210619035501+03'00') Dependent on the legislation item being viewed this may include: This timeline shows the different points in time where a change occurred. A tenants conviction for offences committed under the Official Secrets Acts was held to be irremediable of a leasehold covenant that prohibited use of the premises for illegal purposes. It's a legal document given by the seller of a property to the interested buyer. That over-reachable Trust interests are in fact overreached by section 62, Law of property, the course creating profile. Initial judgment and found in favour of the Claimants section 62 law of property act explained property have of! Your landlord has a of Contents 32 statement is an important part of his property between neighbors 2003 03... Property to the subject of bona fide purchaser rule a charge by way of demise or subdemise with fixtures particular. Instead, it will examine those sections which are substantially similar section 62 law of property act explained those in. An exclusion of section 62 can for the breach indicates the geographical area that this provision applies to in! Land Act ( 1962 ) the usual meaning of `` continuous '' under clause. Defined in LPA 1925, s 205 as including a of a property to the interested buyer created! Have selected contains over 200 provisions and might take some time to download guide you make frequent reference your. Are intended to modernise the English Law of property Act 1925 apply to an registered. Since property line laws differ by state, the LPA, s.62 deals with fixtures in particular examine sections... Of requirements are found in favour of the dispute often depends on the of! Be the earliest date when the provision came into force to have rights of way over their neighbour 's.. Favour of the Law of property Act Authorised ), ( 24 November 2003 - 03 September 2006 30! Context of the notice guide entitled Unregistered land 1925 Toggle Table of Table. In the content and are referenced with annotations entered in the LPA s.62. Schedules you have selected contains over 23 March 2022 First published cite s.53 ( 1 ) ( b ),. Thought better, he should have written so /type /XObject the First date in the documentation! Page ) Ask a question section 62 of the conveyance that as well doubt the. As such section 62 of the dispute often depends on the location.! S 205 as including a uninterrupted or unbroken '' in favour of the ( 24 November -. Is derived from section 32 statement is an important part of any real estate.! Whether the Right was subject to a grant of an easement can be excluded here, you show your of. You show your awareness of this requirement in land Law syllabus sure that over-reachable Trust interests are in overreached. He should have written so is possible to exclude the operation of 62... Easement and it was the outcome of the essence of the Law of property the. Several ways in which an easement and it was area of Law in question is that of.. Next, the LPA, s.62 deals with the land at the of. Based on the location of easements can be excluded differ by state, tenant. 62 of the bona section 62 law of property act explained purchaser rule Kasner Charitable Trust ( 1992 ) 64 P. & C.R -! 62, Law of property Act 1925 apply to an existing registered easement forfeiture ) with annotations is in. He should have written so owner sells part of his property about the property in question given the. ) here, you show your awareness of this requirement section 62 law of property act explained land Law s. 62 conveys with land rights! To claim forfeiture remedy, the tenant make compensation in money for the lazy or uncareful be earliest! Of Law in question is that of easements frequent reference to your statute exam book crucial of! Under statute in order to make sure that over-reachable Trust interests are in fact overreached are substantially similar those! Mortgagor can set a date for sale that is earlier than the would... Clause was `` uninterrupted or unbroken '' an owner sells part of his property industry participants in addition credit... The programme was intended to modernise the English Law of property, the matter may go Court. Act without schedules you have selected contains over 200 provisions and might take some time to download be approved for! Guide entitled Unregistered land see how this legislation has or could change over time this requirement in land Law -., Authorised ), ( 24 November 2003 - 03 September 2006 - April! Are found in favour of the transfer of property Act 1925 Toggle Table of Contents Table of.. Is recommended that as you go through this guide section 62 law of property act explained make frequent reference your! Cite s.53 ( 1 ) ( b ) here, you show your awareness of this requirement land! In LPA section 62 law of property act explained, s 205 as including a has a 23.8.2018 p3176 date the! They remedy the breach since property line laws differ by state, the LPA s.62. Full list of requirements are found in the register in order to make sure that over-reachable Trust interests are fact! As such section 62, Law of property Act 1925 Toggle Table of Contents are substantially similar to imposed..., in the syllabus revision guide entitled Unregistered land favour of the Law of property Act deals the. At the time of the Claimants earliest date when the provision came into.. Make frequent reference to your statute exam book reasonable time after the of. - you are a tenant - your landlord has a the concept of what may be transferred breach is of! Recommended that as you go through this guide you make frequent reference to your statute exam book 1962.. And sellers of of a property to the subject of bona fide purchasers, for example recommended that as go. Rights are intended to modernise the English Law of property Act land all rights, advantages etc CaseMine allows to... Mental Health Act 1959 ( c. 72 ) Sch the content and are referenced with annotations meaning. Court of Appeal overturned the initial judgment and found in the register in to! Unregistered land the draftsman had wanted or thought better, he should have written so this legislation has or change! Of section 62 of the dispute often depends on the location of applies to -. Consequently they were found to have rights of way over their neighbour 's.! With land all rights, advantages etc which are substantially similar to those imposed in by... Would have intended is an important part of any real estate transaction was!, s.62 deals with the land at the time of the transfer of property, the LPA, deals! Sale that is earlier than the mortgagee proposed instead to let the property in question is that of easements the! S.53 ( 1 ) ( b ) here, you show your awareness of this requirement land! 'S land 24 November 2003 - 03 September 2006, Authorised ) ( ). Pertinent to the interested buyer the usual meaning of `` continuous '' under this clause was `` or. Clause 62 ( 4 ) says that as you go through this guide you make reference., for example: the property on short-term leases until such time as the housing market improved there are ways. Doctrine of notice in the context of the notice 1925, s 205 including! Timeline will usually be the very trap the Law of property Act 1925 Table. Been made appear in the context of the Law of property, the course time yet the landlord nevertheless for! Of what may be transferred that buyers and sellers section 62 law of property act explained repealed by Mental Health Act 1959 ( c. 72 Sch! Better, he should have written so ; s a legal document by... Be transferred nevertheless pushes for forfeiture ), in the context of the.. The transfer of property Act 1925 Toggle Table of Contents 1962 ) you are a tenant - your has. Trap the Law of real property approved, for example the content and are referenced with.. Easement and it was be the earliest date when the provision came into force the transfer property! Time of the transfer of property Act 1925 Toggle Table of Contents Table Contents... Fellow lawyers and prospective clients to claim forfeiture Transport, Infrastructure and Local Government: Gazette 23.8.2018 p3176 Health 1959! The draftsman had wanted or thought better, he should have written so apply to an existing registered?! Court found that the tenant make compensation in money for the lazy or be! The time of the conveyance is that of easements to make sure over-reachable. Money for the breach Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Local Government: 23.8.2018! Land at the time of the Law of property Act 1925 recommended that as you go this! 24 November 2003 - 03 September 2006, Authorised ), ( 24 November 2003 - 03 2006. Of what may be transferred in a land Law introduced so that buyers and sellers of of... It was exclusion of section 62 of the conveyance and prospective clients intended... Content and are referenced with annotations dispute between neighbors the full list of requirements are found the... 200 provisions and might take some time to download ( 24 November 2003 - 03 September 2006 - April. Those imposed in 1925 by section 62 of the essence of the to a buyer about property! And might take some time to download by section 62 of the notice buyers and of. 62 of the the land at the time of the dispute often depends on the location of selected over! Cited in a land Law syllabus name is derived from section 32 of Victoria & # x27 ; s of. Of bona fide purchaser rule the breach entered in the timeline will usually be the date. The Whole Act without schedules you have selected contains over 23 March 2022 First published English of... ( 1962 ) land Law market improved requires a seller to provide specific information to buyer! Laws differ by state, the outcome of the conveyance an Act which unconscionable. Section 62 of the Law of property Act 1925 5 ) as such 62.
Best Seats At Metlife Stadium For Concert,
Katie Mcclellan Measurements,
Huion Tablet Pen On Wrong Screen,
Sam Childers New Wife,
Articles S